Graduated NeutralDensity Filters
No film can record the contrast range that our eyes can see. If you are standing in a location with contrasty lighting for example, a forest on a bright, sunny day you can see detail in both the darkest shadow areas and the brightest highlight spots simultaneously. Our eyes are very accommodating most people's vision can handle a contrast range of about 12 to 14 stops. This is not true of film, which at best can only deal with about a 5-stop range in any one scene. Most beginning photographers...
Shutter speed
Shutter speeds are indicated in seconds and fractions of seconds in a progression of times. Camera bodies from different manufacturers have various starting and ending points on this scale, but the scale itself is what's important. All 35mm single-lens-reflcx SLR cameras will have at least the following sequence and probably a lot more 1, 1 2, 1 4, 1 8, 1 15, 1 30, 1 60, 1 125, 1 250, 1 500, and 1 1000 sec. Few cameras display the fractions as written gen too penguin, just emerged from the...
Exposure
Exposure Sunny f 16 16 Long Exposures and Reciprocity Failure autumn color. white mountains, new hampshire. Nikon fc,, Nikon Ho oomm Fuji Vetvla. livi --v . v.' . 5 v m ' A E . .X tr Jr m vfc a r - x - S3 gt lj bu f r-w A v' gt m .- _ v a . mojave desert IN bloom 5and verbena and desert dandelion. anza-b0rre6a state park. california. Nikon F5. Nikon 3 -70mm lens. Fuji Velvio. Many of natures most beautiful displays, such as this lush bloom of spring flowers in the Southern California desert,...
Tiie NonMetered Exposure Sunny 16
Thank heavens for through-the-lens TTL exposure meters they make photographic life much easier. In fact, we rely on them so much that if anything were to happen to our camera meters, we would feel lost and confused. I know there are some photographers who pride themselves on being able to estimate correct exposures, but I am certainly not one of them. I lowever, there is one situation where correct exposure is a known constant, and that's when you're photographing in bright sunlight. To arrive...